Μουσέων τ

Μοῦσα

music: fem gen pl (epic ionic)

μοῡσέων, Μοῦσα

music: fem gen pl (epic ionic)

     νῆϊς

     νῆ-ϊς

    - ϊδος (ῐδ) adj. [νη- I + εἰδέναι] несведущий, неопытный

    

(ἀέθλων Hom.; Μουσέων Anth.)

μείλγμα, ατος, τό, ([etym.] μειλίσσω)

A that which soothes, μειλίγματα θυμοῦ scraps with which the master appeases the hunger of his dogs, Od.10.217;

μειλίγματα προσφέρειν E.Fr. 1053

: sg., Nic.Fr.75: metaph.,

γλώσσης ἐμῆς μ. καὶ θελκτήριον A.Eu. 886

;

μ. νούσου Nic.Th. 896

;

λύπης Ph.2.28

(pl.);

τῆς ὀργῆς Plu.Pomp.47

; πλούτου μειλίγματα Epic.Oxy.1015.19.

2 pl., propitiatory offerings to the dead, A. Ch.15, Eu. 107, Parth.12.1, Ant.Lib.25.5.

3 darling, fondling, Χρυσηΐδων μ., of Agamemnon, A.Ag. 1439.

II soothing song,

λιγεῶν μειλίγματα Μουσέων Theoc.22.221

.

2 pl., μ. θρασειῶν μεταφορῶν phrases which soften bold metaphors, Longin.32.3.

πεζός, ή, όν, (v. πούς):

1 in Poets, esp. [dialect] Ep.,

a on foot, walking, πεζοί fighters on foot, opp. those in chariots,

πεζοί θ' ἱππῆές τε Il. 8.59

, cf. 5.13,11.150 ;

πλῆτο δὲ πᾶν πεδίον πεζῶν τε καὶ ἵππων Od.17.436

, cf.9.50.

b on land, going by land, opp. sea-faring, esp.in Od. ;

εἰ δ' ἐθέλεις π., πάρα τοι δίφρος τε καὶ ἵπποι 3.324

;

οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀΐομαι ἐνθάδ' ἱκέσθαι 1.173

;

ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηῒ μελαίνῃ 11.58

, cf. Pi.P.10.29 ; ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἢ π. Il.24.438.

a sts. infantry, opp. cavalry ([etym.] ἡ ἵππος), Hdt.1.80, 4.128 ;

σὺν δυνάμει καὶ π. καὶ ἱππικῇ X.Cyr.2.4.18

; but,

b more freq.land-force, army, opp. naval force, Hdt.4.97, 6.95, Th.1.47, 2.94, etc. ; τὸ π. v.l. in Hdt.7.81 ; στρατιὰ καὶ ναυτικὴ καὶ π. Th.6.33, cf. 7.16 (and v. πεζικός)

; ἡ π. στρατιὰ καὶ τὸ ναυτικόν Lys.2.34

, cf. A. Pers. 558 (lyr.), 719, 728 (both troch.) ; οἱ μὲν ἐφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἐπὶ ναῶν, πεζοί τε βάδην ib.19 ; τὰ π. κράτιστοι strongest by land, Th.4.12 ;

καὶ ναυσὶ καὶ πεζοῖσι Ar.Ach. 622

;

π. μάχαισιν Id.Eq. 567

; ἡ π. μάχη battle by land, Pl.Lg. 707c ; ἐν τοῖς ναυτικοῖς κινδύνοις, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς π. Isoc.4.91.

3 of animals, land, opp. birds and fishes, τὰ π. καὶ τὰ πτηνά beasts and birds, Pl.Smp. 207a, cf. Plt. 264e ; π. καὶ ἔνυδρον ib. 288a, cf. Lg. 823b, Arist.Top. 143b1, etc. ;

ἡ π. θήρα Pl.Sph. 222b

, cf. Lg. 824a.

II metaph. (cf.

αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Μουσέων πεζὸς ἔπειμι νομόν Call.Aet.4.1.9

), of language, prosaic, λόγοι π. prose (cf. 111.3), D.H. Comp.6, Paus.4.6.1 ; διὰ πεζῶν [λ.] Phld.Mus.p.87 K. ;

λόγος POxy. 724.10

(ii A. D.) ;

ἡ π. διάλεκτος D.H. Comp.3

; ἡ π. λέξις ib.1 ; opp. ἡ ἔμμετρος, ib.4 ; ἡ π. alone, Str.1.2.6 ;

τινὰ καὶ πεζὰ καὶ ἐν ἔπεσι ποιήματα D.C.69.3

; π. τις ποιητική, of bombastic prose, Luc. Hist.Conscr. 8 ; κομιδῇ πεζὸν καὶ χαμαιπετές ib.16, cf. Plu.2.853c ; τὰ ἄγαν π. καὶ κακόμετρα [ ὀνόματα] ib.747f ; π. ὀνόματα, opp. ποιητικά, Demetr.Eloc. 167.

2 of verse, unaccompanied by music,

καὶ πεζὰ καὶ φορμικτά S.Fr.16

; πεζῷ γόῳ· ἄνευ αὐλοῦ ἢ λύρας, Phot. ; cf. 111.2.

3 common, ordinary,

ἑταῖραι Theopomp.Hist.205

;

μόσχοι Eup.169

;

π. αὐλητρίς Pl.Com.155

.

III dat. fem. πεζῇ (sc. ὁδῷ ) as Adv.,

1 on foot, opp. σὺν ἵππῳ, X.Oec.5.5.

b more commonly, by land, Hdt.2.159, Th.2.94, etc. ; π. ἕπεσθαι to follow by land, Hdt. 7.110, 115 ;

στρατιὰν μέλλων π. πορεύσειν Th.4.132

;

π. πορεύεσθαι X.An.5.6.1

; οὔτε π. οὔτε κατὰ θάλατταν ib.5.6.10 ; καὶ π. καὶ ναυμαχοῦντες by land and by sea, D.3.24.

2 without musical accompaniment (cf. 11.2),

παῦσαι μελῳδοῦσ' ἀλλὰ π. μοι φράσον Com.Adesp. 601

, cf. Pl.Sph. 237a.

3 regul. Adv. πεζῶς in prose, Phld.Rh.1.165 S., Suid. s.v. ἱστορῆσαι.

IV [comp] Comp. πεζότερος more like a foot-journey, Plu.2.804d ; more like prose, στίχοι π. τῇ συνθέσει Sch. Il.2.252, etc.: [comp] Sup. πεζότατος, τὸ π. μόριον τῆς ψυχή, cf. Procl.in Ti.3.317 D.

τᾰλαρ-ος, ὁ,

A basket, ἀργύρεος τ., of a work-basket, Od.4.125; ὑπόκυκλος ib. 131; πλεκτοὶ τ. baskets of wicker-work, in which new-made cheeses were placed so as to let the whey run off, Od.9.247, cf. Ar.Ra. 560, AP9.567 (Antip.), IG3.1309, Gal.6.491; basket for fruit, Il.18.568, Hes.Sc. 293; for flowers, Mosch.2.34,61, Paus.8.31.2.

2 wicker cage for fowls: hence metaph., Μουσέων τ., of the Museum, Timo 12.

φέγγος, εος, τό,

A light, splendour, lustre,

τῆλε δὲ φ. ἀπὸ χροὸς ἀθανάτοιο λάμπε θεᾶς h.Cer. 278

;

τὸ φ. τῆς χρόας Duris 14

J.;

τὸ φ. τῆς δόξης Κυρίου LXXEz.10.4

; φ. ἀστραπῆς ὅπλων ib.Hb.3.11: freq. like φάος, of daylight, either abs. or with some word added,

φ. ἡλίου A.Pers. 377

, S.Tr. 606, etc.;

τὸ φ. τοῦ θεοῦ E.Alc. 722

; without the Art.,

φ. εἰσορᾶν θεοῦ Id.Or. 1025

, cf. S.Aj. 673; ὦ φέγγος ib. 859, E.El. 866;

ὦ φ. ἡμέρας A.Ag. 1577

; δεκάτῳ φέγγει ἔτους in the tenth year, ib. 504.

b moonlight, X.Cyn.5.4; νυκτερινὰ φέγγη, opp. ἡμερινὸν φῶς, Pl.R. 508c;

ἐὰν τὸ φ. ἐκλείψῃ Cat.Cod.Astr.4.172

, cf. Nonn.D.38.255;

φῶς ἡμέρας, φέγγος σελήνης Hsch.

s.v. φέγγος; τὸ φ. [τοῦ γάλακτος], of the milky way, Arist.Mete. 346a26.

c of men, φ. ἰδεῖν, προσιδεῖν, to see the light, come into the world,

ἐπεὶ πάμπρωτον εἶδον φ. Pi.P.4.111

;

ἀελίου προσιδεῖν φ. B.5.162

;

λιπεῖν φ. E.Or. 954

;

ὄλωλα, φ. οὐκέτ' ἔστι μοι S.Tr. 1144

.

d day,

τριταῖον ἤδη φ. E.Hec.32

, cf. Sosiph.3.1; μοιρίδιον φ. = μ. ἦμαρ, E.Eleg.2.

2 the light of torches or fire,

φ. λαμπάδων A.Eu. 1022

; πυρός ib. 1029, Ch. 1037: a light, torch, Ar.Ra. 448, X.Smp.1.9; pl. φέγγη torches or watch-fires, Aen.Tact.10.26 (cj.), Plu.Cam.25, etc.

3 the light of the eyes,

φ. ὀμμάτων E.Hec. 368

, 1035;

ὄσσων Theoc.24.75

; τυφλὸν φ, i.e. blindness, E.Hec. 1068 (lyr.).

II light, as a metaph. for delight, glory, pride, joy, Pi.P.8.97, N.3.64,4.13;

τί γὰρ γυναικὶ τούτου φ. ἥδιον δρακεῖν, ἀπὸ στρατείας ἀνδρὶ σώσαντος θεοῦ πύλας ἀνοῖξαι; A.Ag. 602

; of persons, Pi.N.9.42;

μέγα βροτοῖσι φ. Ἀσκληπιόν Ar.Pl. 640

(lyr.);

Μουσέων φ. Ὅμηρον AP7.6

(Antip. Sid.);

ὦ ταῖς ἱεραῖς φ. Ἀθήναις Ar.Eq. 1319

(anap.);

πλοῦτος.. ἀνδρὶ φ. Pi.O.2.56

; φ. ὀπώρας, of wine, Id.Fr. 153.

2 lustre,

δικαιοσύνης καὶ σωφροσύνης Pl.Phdr. 250b

;

φ. ἐλέους LXX 3 Ma.6.4

;

τῆς ψυχῆς τὸ γάνωμα καὶ τὸ φ. Plu.2.792a

, etc.

ἀτέω [pron. full] [ᾰ], part. ἀτέων

A demented, reckless, c. gen., θεῶν defying the gods, Il.20.332 (Aristarch.);

Μουσέων Call.Fr. 537

: abs., Hdt.7.223.

ἐπίστᾰμαι, 2 pers.

A

- ασαι A.Pr. 376

, 982, S.El. 629, Pl.Euthd. 296a, but

ἐπίστᾳ Pi.P.3.80

, A.Eu.86, 581,

ἐπίστῃ Thgn.1085

, PCair.Zen. 41.19 (iii B.C.), [dialect] Ion. ἐπίστεαι ἐξ-) Hdt.7.135; imper. ἐπίστασο ib. 29, 209, A.Pr. 840, 967, PCair.Zen.57.4 (iii B.C.), etc., but ἐπίσταο v.l. in Hdt.7.209, [var] contr.

ἐπίστω S.OT 658

, etc.; subj. [dialect] Ion. ἐπιστέωμαι Hdt.3.134, [dialect] Att.

ἐπίστωμαι Pl.Euthd. 296a

: [tense] impf.

ἠπιστάμην A.Pr. 267

, etc.; without augm.

ἐπίστατο Il.5.60

: Hdt. has

ἐπ- 5.42

(v.l. ἠπ-),

ἠπ- 3.139

; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. ἠπιστέατο or

ἐπιστέατο 8.132

: [tense] fut.

ἐπιστήσομαι Il.21.320

, etc.: [tense] aor. 1

ἠπιστήθην Hdt.3.15

, Pl.Lg. 687a.

ἄγγελος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+) ‘messenger’.

① a human messenger serving as an envoy, an envoy, one who is sent

ⓐ by humans (Hom.+; ins, pap; Gen 32:4, 7; Jdth 1:11; 3:1; 1 Macc 1:44; 7:10; Jos., Ant. 14, 451, Vi. 89): in his earthly ministry Jesus ἀπέστειλεν ἀγγέλους (Diod S 2,18,1 the king of India to Semiramis; 4, 65, 4) Lk 9:52; of John the Baptist’s disciples 7:24; of Joshua’s scouts Js 2:25 (cp. Josh 7:22).

ⓑ by God (prophets Hg 1:13; Mal subscr.; a priest Mal 2:7.—1 Esdr 1:48f. S. also Theognis 1, 769, where the poet is Μουσέων ἄγγελος; Epict. 3, 22, 23; 38; Ael. Aristid. 37 K.=1 p. 15 D.; Maximus Tyr. 11, 9c Plato, as the one who brings us information about God, is called ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημίας ἄγγ.; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 20, 3; 5 Carnus the soothsayer is ἄγγ. of the gods) of John the Baptist as forerunner Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27 (all Mal 3:1; cp. Ex 23:20).

② a transcendent power who carries out various missions or tasks, messenger, angel (ἄ. as a spirit-being, oft. connected w. the nether world in Gr-Rom. sources [EZiebarth, Neue attische Fluchtafeln: NGG 1899, 127ff no. 24; IG XII/3, 933–74. Other material in Dibelius, Geisterwelt 209ff. S. also the oracles: Theosophien 13 p. 169, 31; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 1, 3 ἐπεκαλεῖτο τοὺς ἀγγέλους καὶ θεὸν Ἄμμωνα; 2, 25, 1; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 21 ἄγγελοι θεῖοί τε κ. ἀγαθοὶ δαίμονες; Hierocles 3, 424; 23, 468.—ἄ. w. θεοί and δαίμονες Damascius (V/VI A.D.) 183 Ruelle; ἄ. w. δαίμονες and ἥρωες Proclus, Rep. II 243 Kroll, Tim. III 109 Diehl.—FCumont, RHR 72, 1915, 159–82; FAndres, D. Engellehre d. griech. Apologeten 1914 and in Pauly-W. Suppl. III 1918, 101ff; Rtzst., Myst. 171, 2; Bousset, ARW 18, 1915, 170ff] and as a transcendent power in Judaism [LXX; En 10:7; 20:1; 99:3 al.; Essenes in Jos., Bell. 2, 142; Philo, cp. Schürer III 881–85 (on Philo) w. lit.; Joseph.; Test12Patr; prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia (I B.C.) 9f κύριε ὁ πάντα ἐφορῶν καὶ οἱ ἄνγελοι θεοῦ; on this Dssm. LO 353f; 357=LAE 414; 418f; SIG 1181 w. note 2; PFouad 203, 3f (I A.D.); on this PBenoit, RB 58, ’51, 549–65; PKatz, TZ 10, ’54, 228–31. Loanw. in rabb.—Bousset, Rel. 320ff; J-BFrey, L’Angélologie juive au temps de J-Chr.: RSPT 5, 1911, 75–110; HKuhn, JBL 67, ’48, 217–32 Jewish apocalypses], likewise in the magical pap, w. their mixture of gentile and Jewish infl. [PGM 1, 76 an ἄ. as a star fr. heaven; 4, 570ff; 998; 1112; 13, 329; 585; 609; 744]. Cp. the ins APF 3, 1906, 445 no. 67; 451 no. 94. The more common term in polytheistic lit. for beings intermediate between gods and humans is δαίμων [q.v.], which monotheistic writers reserved for reference to a realm hostile to God’s interests, while retaining the term ἄ. for intermediate beings, either those loyal to God or those in rebellion [s. c].)

ⓐ as messengers of God, angels (LXX; Philo, Somn. 1, 190; transcendent messengers of the gods in Hom. are not intermediate beings. Yet the description of Hermes, the κῆρυξ τῶν θεῶν, as their ἄγγελος ἄριστος [Diod S 5, 75, 2] may have made it easier for Gr-Romans in general to understand ἄ. as God’s heavenly messenger; cp. the messenger of the god Men: EA 18, ’91 p. 92f, no. 2, 5f [lit.]) mostly w. gen.: κυρίου (Gen 16:10f al.) Mt 1:20; 2:13, 19; Lk 1:11; 2:9; Ac 5:19; 12:7, 23. τοῦ θεοῦ (Gen 31:11; 32:2 al.; Philo, Deus Imm. 1; Jos., Bell. 5, 388) Lk 12:8f; 15:10; J 1:51 (HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; also s. below on Lk. 2:15). ἄ. θεοῦ (Gen 21:17 A; Judg 13:6 B; Jos., Ant. 1, 73; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 31, 18) Gal 4:14; Hb 1:6 (Ps 96:7; Dt 32:43); 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). Abs. (Num 20:16; Judg 13:11; Tob 6:4ff al.) Lk 1:13, 18, 38; 2:10, 13, 15, 21; J 20:12; Ac 7:53; 1 Ti 3:16; 1 Pt 1:12 (in wordplay on the superiority of human beings to angels s. Sextus 32; on their status and classification s. also Orig., C. Cels. 4, 29, 16) al. ἅγιοι ἄ. (PGM 4, 1934, 1938) Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 10:22; Rv 14:10; 1 Cl 39:7 (Job 5:1); Hv 2, 2, 7; ἐκλεκτοὶ ἄ. 1 Ti 5:21 (ἄ. as witnesses so TestLevi 19:3 and SIG 1181, 10=Dssm. LO 351–62 [LAE 413–24]; cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 401); ἄ. ἰσχυρός (cp. Da 4:13; Ps 102:20) Rv 5:2; 18:21. Their abode is heaven, and so they are ἄ. τῶν οὐρανῶν Mt 24:36 (unless οὐρ.=θεοῦ); ἄ. ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς Mk 12:25; ἄ. ἐν οὐρανῷ 13:32; ἄ. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ Gal 1:8, cp. Mt 22:30; 28:2; Lk 22:43. They return to heaven when they have fulfilled their mission on earth 2:15. Hence ἄ. φωτός (cp. SJCh 78, 17) 2 Cor 11:14; ἄ. φωταγωγοί B 18:1. There the good are united w. them after death Hv 2, 2, 7; Hs 9, 27, 3. They appear in dazzling light Lk 2:9; Ac 7:30 (Ex 3:2); ISm 6:1; cp. the ‘shining face’ of Ac 6:15; or in white garments J 20:12; cp. Mt 28:3; Lk 24:4. Called πνεύματα Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both after Ps 103:4). πνεύματα λειτουργικά serving spirits Hb 1:14. Their voice is like thunder J 12:29; γλῶσσαι τῶν ἀ. language of angels 1 Cor 13:1 (after the analogy of the languages of the gods, Plato in Clem. Al., Strom. 1, 143; cp. 2 Cor 12:4; Rv 14:2f; TestJob 48–50; GSteindorff, Apk. d. Elias: TU 17, 3a, 1899, 153). They bring messages fr. God to men Lk 1:11f; Mt 28:2ff, and were also active in the giving of the law νόμος διαταγεὶς διʼ ἀγγέλων Gal 3:19; cp. Ac 7:38, 53; Hb 2:2 (Jos., Ant. 15, 136 τῶν ἐν τοῖς νόμοις διʼ ἀγγέλων παρὰ τ. θεοῦ μαθόντων; cp. Did., Gen. 110, 15 κἂν γὰρ διὰ ὑπουργῶν ἀγγέλων ποιῇ ἃ βούλεται θεός). As guardian angels of individuals (Tob 5:6, 22; cp. PGM 1, 172ff; Ael. Aristid. 50, 57 K.=26 p. 519 D.: ὁ σὸς Ἑρμῆς ἐστιν, to whom Aristid. has been entrusted since his birth) Mt 18:10 (PBarry, ET 23, 1912, 182); Ac 12:15 (JMoulton, JTS 3, 1902, 514–27, ET 14, 1903, 5ff); Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11); Hv 5:1f. They conduct the blessed dead into heaven Lk 16:22 (Hermes does this acc. to Pythag. [Diog. L. 8, 31]); instruct humans to do good Hv 3, 5, 4; δικαιοσύνης m 6, 2, 1 (ParJer 8:12); rejoice at the repentance of a sinner Lk 15:10; cp. the ἄ. τῆς μετανοίας Hm 12, 4, 7; 12, 6, 1 al. They preside over various realms ἄ. ὁ ἔχων ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρός Rv 14:18; ἄ. τῶν ὑδάτων 16:5; the four winds 7:1. God assigns them διακόσμησις γῆς Pa (4) (cp. ἄγγελοι ἐπὶ τῶν ἐξουσιῶν GrBar 12:3). An angel, Thegri, rules the animal world Hv 4, 2, 4 (Synes., Ep. 57 p. 192b δαίμονες as leaders of the grasshoppers). ἄ. τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ προφητικοῦ m 11:9; τὸν ἄ. τὸν τιμωρητήν Hs 7:6; cp. ὁ ἄ. ὁ μέγας Hs 8, 4, 1.—As creator of the world AcPlCor 1:15. On ἄ. τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν Rv 1:20, cp. 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on the textual problems associated w. these vss. s. RCharles, ICC Comm. 1920, I, clvii; clxf; II 244; RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42f) and s. on ἀστήρ.—Subordinate to Christ Mt 4:11; 13:41; 16:27; Hb 1:4ff (Ps 96:7; B-D-F §254, 2); 1 Pt 3:22; Rv 5:11f; glorify him J 1:51 (JFritsch “… videbitis … angelos Dei ascendentes …,” VD 37, ’59, 1–11). δώδεκα λεγιῶνας ἀ. Mt 26:53; μυριάσιν ἀ. Hb 12:22; cp. Rv 5:11. Seven principal angels (Tob 12:15) Rv 8:2, 6; 15:1, 6; 16:1; 17:1; 21:9 (GDix, The Seven Archangels and the Seven Spirits: JTS 28, 1927, 233–50). Six angels, created first, to whom the management of all creation is entrusted Hv 3, 4, 1. Angels at the Parousia Mt 24:31; 2 Th 1:7. Μιχαὴλ καὶ οἱ ἄ. αὐτοῦ Rv 12:7. Revered by people (Celsus 1, 26 Ἰουδαίους σέβειν ἀγγέλους; 5, 6) θρησκείᾳ τῶν ἀ. worship of angels Col 2:18; λατρεύειν ἀγγέλοις as a sign of Jewish piety PtK 2 p. 14, 26=Clem. Al., Strom. 6, 41 p. 452, 9. Christ as σεμνότατος ἄ. Hv 5:2; m 5, 1, 7; cp. ὁ ἅγιος ἄ. Hs 5, 4, 4 v.l.; ὁ ἔνδοξος ἄ. Hs 5, 4, 4; 7:1ff; 8, 1, 2. ὁ ἄ. κυρίου Hs 7:5; 8, 1, 2ff; called Michael in Hs 8, 3, 3, where it is to be noted that Michael was the guardian angel of God’s people (WLueken, D. Erzengel Michael 1900; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 575f).

ⓑ intermediate beings gener., w. no ref. to their relation to God (opp. ἄνθρωποι; s. 2 above immediately before a) 1 Cor 4:9 (cp. TestJos 19:9 ἔχαιρον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ οἱ ἄγγελοι κ. οἱ ἄνθρωποι κ. πᾶσα ἡ γῆ).—Ro 8:38 ἄ. as serving spirit-powers seem to be differentiated fr. the ἀρχαί, who rule.

ⓒ evil spirits (Lactant., Inst. 2, 15, 8 daemonas Trismegistus ἀγγέλους πονηρούς appellat. Cp. also Job 1:6; 2:1; Philo, Gig. 16; TestAsh 6:4; PGM 4, 2701; αἱ πονηραὶ δυνάμεις, διάβολος καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ Did., Gen. 45, 5; ADieterich, Nekyia 1893, 60f) τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ Mt 25:41; cp. Rv 12:9. ὁ δράκων καὶ οἱ ἄ. αὐτοῦ vs. 7; ἄ. τῆς ἀβύσσου 9:11 (s. Ἀβαδδών); ἄ. πονηρός B 9:4; ἄ. τῆς πονηρίας in contrast to guardian angels Hm 6, 2, 1; ἄ. Σατανᾶ, which causes physical pain 2 Cor 12:7; esp. called ἄ. τρυφῆς καὶ ἀπάτης Hs 6, 2, 1f; leading men into evil B 18:1. Of the angels’ fall and their punishment (cp., in the opinion of many, Gen 6:2; En 6ff; 54; Book of Jubilees 5; SyrBar 56:13; LJung, Fallen Angels in Jewish, Christian, and Mohammedan Lit. 1926; ALods, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 29–54) ὁ θεὸς ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων οὐκ ἐφείσατο 2 Pt 2:4; ἀ. τοὺς μὴ τηρήσαντας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν who did not keep to their proper domain (s. ἀρχή 7) Jd 6. From the pass. already quoted above w. Gen. 6:2 (cp. also TestReub 5:3; Jos., Ant. 1, 73 ἄγγελοι θεοῦ γυναιξὶ συνιόντες; and polytheists’ concept of erotic desires of transcendent beings: HUsener, Weihnachtsfest² 1911, 74f; Rtzst., Poim. 228ff. Herr der Grösse 14f; and GJs 14:1) some conclude that the angels were subject to erotic desires; this is held to explain the regulation that women are to wear a veil in church services, since angels are present (cp. Origen, Orat. 31 and Ps 137:1 ἐναντίον ἀγγέλων ψαλῶ σοι) 1 Cor 11:10 (for another view and for the lit. s. ἐξουσία 7; s. also JFitzmyer, [Qumran angelology] NTS 4, ’57/58, 48–58; LJervis, JBL 112, ’93, 243–45: angels mediate God’s presence). In 6:3 οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν; it is not certain whether only fallen angels are meant; θρησκείᾳ τῶν ἀ. worship of angels Col 2:18 polemicizes against what appears to be a type of gnostic reverence for angels. (On Qumran angelology s. Fitzmyer, cited above.)—OEverling, D. paulinische Angelologie u. Dämonologie 1888; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 1909; GKurze, D. Engels-u. Teufels-glaube d. Ap. Pls 1915; MJones, St Paul and the Angels: Exp. 8th ser., 16, 1921, 356–70; 412–25; EPeterson, D. Buch von den Engeln ’35; JMichl, D. Engelvorstellungen in Apk I ’37; ELangton, The Angel Teaching of the NT ’37; JBernardin, JBL 57, ’38, 273–79; ESchick, D. Botschaft der Engel im NT ’40; WMichaelis, Z. Engelchristol. im Urchristent. ’42; GHatzidakis, Ἄγγελος u. Verwandtes: SBWienAk 173, 1914.—B. 1486. DELG. DDD 81–96 (lit.). M-M. New Docs 5, 72f. TW. Sv.